During key stage 2 pupils use the number system more confidently. They move from counting reliably to calculating fluently with all four number operations. They always try to tackle a problem with mental methods before using any other approach. Pupils explore features of shape and space and develop their measuring skills in a range of contexts. They discuss and present their methods and reasoning using a wider range of mathematical language, diagrams and charts.

Knowledge, skills and understanding
1. During the key stage, pupils should be taught the Knowledge, skills and understanding
through:
a. activities that extend their understanding of the number system to include integers,
fractions and decimals
b. approximating and estimating more systematically in their work in mathematics
c. using patterns and relationships to explore simple algebraic ideas
d. applying their measuring skills in a range of contexts
e. drawing inferences from data in practical activities, and recognising the difference
between meaningful and misleading representations of data
f. exploring and using a variety of resources and materials, including ICT
g. activities in which pupils decide when the use of calculators is appropriate and then
use them effectively
h. using mathematics in their work in other subjects.